John Wycliffe Research Paper - 1745 Words

The Morning Star of Inspiration John Wycliffe was a 14th-century English philosopher, theologian, and religious reformer, whose egalitarian ideas and beliefs laid the foundation for the Protestant Reformation. As Peter W. Williams notes in the World Book Advanced, Wycliffe was born sometime between 1320 and 1330 A.D. in Yorkshire, England, and was educated at Balliol College, University of Oxford (Williams). According to Alessandro Conti in his entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, John Wycliffe was trained in the â€Å"scholasticism of the medieval Roman Catholic Church,† and became disillusioned with ecclesiastical abuses (Conti). He challenged the Church’s spiritual authority and sponsored the translation of the Christian†¦show more content†¦In addition, LaTourette notes that Wycliffe said any leader who was found to be faithless could legitimately loose his office as well as his privileges (663). In his essays On Divine Dominion and On Civil Dominion, Wycliffe wrote the follo wing: â€Å"Men hold whatever they had received from God as stewards, and if found faithless, could justly be deprived of it;† and â€Å"If through transgression a man forfeited his divine privileges, then of necessity his temporal possessions were also lost.† Wycliffe also maintained that sinful preachers and bishops could be outside of God’s law, and believed that â€Å"There was a chance that Popes might err† and that popes were not a necessary element for the administration of the Church (LaTourette 663). Malcolm D. Lambert, writer of Medieval Heresy: Popular Movements from the Gregorian Reform to the Reformation, states that John Wycliffe claimed, â€Å"a worldly Pope was to be proclaimed a heretic† and should be removed from office (7). Wycliffe did not state explicitly that he considered the English church to be sinful and worldly, but his implication was clear, and on May 22, 1377, Pope Gregory XI issued several bills accusing Wycliffe of h eresy (Williams). In autumn of the same year, however, Parliament requested Wycliffe’s opinion on the legality of forbidding the English church to ship its riches abroad at the Popes command (Smyth). Wycliffe upheld the lawfulness of such a prohibition, and in early 1378, he wasShow MoreRelatedComparing and Contrasting Preterist and Futurist Interpretations of Revelation2579 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Comparing and Contrasting Preterist and Futurist Interpretations of Revelation Introduction The purpose of this paper is to research and analyze the preterist and futurist views of interpreting the Book of Revelation and determine which view provides the most accurate Biblical interpretation. As Richard L. Mayhue states, the word preterist comes from the Latin term praeteritus which basically means past in regard to time. A preterist interpretation of the Book of Revelation, therefore, assertsRead MoreCrictical Examination of the Main Features Renaissance Humanism1817 Words   |  8 Pagesand exploration of new continents, the substitution of the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce, and the invention or application of such potentially powerful innovations as paper, printing, the mariners compass, and gunpowder. To the scholars and thinkers of the day, however, it was primarily a time of the revival of classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation†. This period appearsRead MoreThe Age Of The Reformation2258 Words   |  10 PagesAge of the Reformation was one of the significant movements in Western Christianity. The Protestant Reformation was a turning point in religion. Martin Luther, John Calvin etc. were reformists that allowed the Reformation to occur. However, before them there were other efforts that had been done for the reformation by Peter Waldo, John Wycliffe, Jan Hus, and so forth. According to (Bainton pg. 12) â€Å"the 16th century was an age of faith. It was even more an age of faith than the preceding period. ForRead MoreThe Effect of Crisis on Religion in Europe: Black Death vs. Wwii4285 Words   |  18 Pagesvictims† and â€Å"by increasing the rates charged for services such as mass for the dead.†15 â€Å"Through this epidemic all the churches of St. Nicholas and St. Peter were pulled down and new roomy churches were erected.†1 The Lollard movement, led by John Wycliffe, was a precursor t o the Protestant Reformation, and a result of the plague. In fact, Martin Luther, the father of the Lutheran Church, was greatly inspired by Wycliffe’s actions.16 World War II, the most devastating war to ever have beenRead MoreGlobal Business Strategy for Managing Marketing: the Case of Coca-Cola Company7223 Words   |  29 PagesBy: Wycliffe H. Odiwuor 2008 Global Business Strategy for Managing Marketing: the Case of Coca-Cola Company) Abstract From the Paper Innovation is certainly always part of the Coca-Cola Company and is why they advertise different styles of bottles, prints on cans, and items which do not have anything to do with a drink such as stuffed animals, T-shirts and caps. Producing different kinds of products involve technology. If a new product is planned to be launched, not only researchRead More4g Communication22481 Words   |  90 Pagesaccess methods will be able to interoperate to provide communications sessions that can seamlessly hand-off between them. More than any other technology, 4G will have a profound impact on the entire wireless landscape and the total value chain. This paper focuses on the vision of 4G and briefly explains the technologies and features of 4G. Introduction: Mobile communications and wireless networks are developing at an astounding speed. The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile communicationRead MoreManagement Challenges for the 21st Century.Pdf60639 Words   |  243 PagesThe economy as defined by national boundaries is the â€Å"ecology† of enterprise and management. For most of this period—at least until the early 1980s—all but the first of these assumptions were close enough to reality to be operational, whether for research, for writing, for teaching or for practicing management. By now all of them have outlived their usefulness. They are close to being caricatures. They are now so far removed from actual reality that they are becoming obstacles to the Theory and even

Physical Therapy And Mental Therapist - 1464 Words

Physical Therapist or known as PTs, Physical Therapist Assistants, and a Geriatric Physical Therapist all sound like great careers. They are all the same in a way just different job hours, different responsibilities, and different places of work. I would rather be a Physical Therapist than a PT assistant and a Geriatric Physical Therapist, because PTs get paid relatively well. Also I would like to do more than to assist a therapist. My research shows that a Physical Therapists duty is to restore maximal functional and independence to each individual patient. They evaluate, diagnose, and make a treatment plan to each individual patient’s needs. It is offered to a wide variety of patients such as: Newborn babies, children, adults, and†¦show more content†¦PTs examine each individual patient and develop a plan using treatment techniques to promote the ability to move, reduce pain, restore function, and to prevent disability. They make people young and old feel better an d let them know in time when they will be healed. The PTs know how to ease the pain when the patients come to see them. The patients would most likely have a smile on their face because the Physical therapist would help reduce their pain and make it go away for a while and help them be able to move with ease. They would also most likely have a smile on their face, because they would feel better after their visit. Compared to Geriatric physical therapy, they have to deal with all sorts of patients with arthritis, osteoporosis, cancer, Alzheimer s disease, hip and joint replacement, balance disorders and incontinence(Chicago: Institute for Career Research 31. I think that is a hard job after a long day of having to deal with all those if they are scheduled for the day or within the week, but I think that I would enjoy that more to be able to spend more time with the patient and help them out more often. With just Physical therapy all they have to is help with medical problems or other health-related conditions, illnesses, or injuries that limits their abilities to move and performShow MoreRelatedOccupational Therapists And The Occupational Therapy1301 Words   |  6 PagesTherapy can help many aspects of a persons life. There are different injuries or birth defects that need to be treated to perform everyday activities. A variety of different therapy methods and treatments, depending on the personal weakness, can help improve someone’s everyday life. Occupational therapists help all ages improve their daily activities. This specific therapy helps rehabilitate people who need â€Å"specialized assistance to lead independent, productive, and satisfying lives due to physicalRead More Physical, Occupational, and Speech Therapies Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesPhysical, Occupational, and Speech Therapies      Ã‚  Ã‚   When many people hear the word therapy, they think of something that has caused a problem and has to be fixed. In most cases, that is true. Most people think the problem may be an injury that has to be rehabilitated or an extreme mental problem where the person needs serious help. However, therapy does not always deal with injured or mentally troubled people. Three types of therapy that help a wide range of people with their problemsRead MoreArt Therapy in Metal Health Vocation908 Words   |  4 PagesArt therapy is a common mental health vocation that utilizes the ingenious practice of art making to ameliorate and improve the mental, emotional, and physical healthfulness of people of all age groups. It is predicated on the credence that the creative operation involved in imaginative self-expression avails people to undertake conflicts and quandaries, develop interpersonal skills, manage comportment, reduce stress, increment self-esteem and self-cognizance, and acc omplish understanding of themselvesRead MoreThe Effects Of Occupational Therapy On An Illness1145 Words   |  5 Pagesreason for a client to need occupational therapy is due to an illness. Severe illnesses like cancer leaves the client with little energy for leisure, social, or work-related tasks after just doing some daily activities. 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Both physicalRead MoreInformative Speech About Art Therapy809 Words   |  4 Pagesstart with pointing out the obvious struggle of finding the right career for them and everyone else. I will also include a personal piece about my experience of struggling to find the right career for me through school so far. CENTRAL IDEA: Art Therapy is not a common career choice when looking at popular jobs in the workforce; however, it is both a very interesting psychological and artistic career. PURPOSE STATEMENT: I want to bring awareness to this interesting career and hopefully inform moreRead MoreOccupational Therapy And Occupational Therapists1243 Words   |  5 Pagesqualified occupational therapists. There now was a minimal standard of training that had to be met before an individual was put in the directory (AOTA, 2009). The name was changed to the American Occupational Therapy Association. The American Medical Association worked with the American Occupational Therapy Association starting in 1933 on getting improved education programs for occupational therapists (AOTA, 2009). World War II was a very influential event on occupational therapy. There was a high demandRead MoreEssay about Music As Therapy1222 Words   |  5 PagesMusic As Therapy There was never a question in my mind that music possesses a strong element to help people. It has always been a stress reliever in my life. There is research that supports the belief that music is an instrumental part or impact on a wider realm of physical and mental disorders or disabilities. Music is known to set the mood or atmosphere for all types of situations. There is extensive research completed on this subject. Just take a look around. When you look at a movie it isRead MoreOccupational Therapy Career Options Essay668 Words   |  3 PagesIn occupational therapy there are three options from which to choose. One can be an occupational therapist, an occupational therapist assistant, or an occupational therapist aide. In this health profession they are responsible for helping patients in their ability to perform daily living activities like speech, physical, and mental activities. His or her patients have generally lost these abilities because of mental, physical, or developmentally or emotionally disabling conditions. This professionRead MoreThe Field Of Physical Therapy1539 Words   |  7 PagesA topic that interests me is the field of physical therapy. Ever since I have been playing soccer since of the age of 3, I have always had many different injuries. This has made me want to help people while learning such a unique field. I have had different ankle and knee injuries and having a go od physical therapist really makes a big difference in rehab. This also impacted my desire to want to be a physical therapist because being in that environment; it was really fun being in such a good atmosphere

The Geography of Indonesia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Breifly explain about Poor Economic Condition in Indonesia. Answer: Introduction: Indonesia is a nation rich in both natural and social assets. Territory of this nation comprises of more than 17,000 islands and little islands that extend along the 6400 km from west to east, and around 3,000 km from north and south, and accordingly actually recommend the high diversities. Indonesia has the differing widely varied vegetation assets. "Asia" fauna is accessible at the Greater Sunda Islands (Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java and Bali). Lesser Sunda Islands (East of Bali ) have been influenced by the "Australia" fauna, the best impacts are in the shallow Sahul (Ambon, Seram, Aru). There are additionally a few extraordinary animal categories in specific places that are not found in different places, for example, Komodo mythical beasts (Varanus komodiensis ). Around 60 % of Indonesia's property comprises of many sorts of backwoods and vegetations. Ethnic gatherings have its own way of life, dialect, traditions and functions of their own exceptional demonstrating Indonesia's socia l differing qualities. There are more than 300 ethnic gatherings in Indonesia. 95% of those belong to Native Indonesian family. Javanese is the biggest gathering with 100 million individuals (42%), trailed by Sundanese who number almost 40 million (15%). Indonesia is the world's most crowded Muslim-dominant part country; right around 87.18% of Indonesians announced themselves Muslim in the 2010 census while 9.87% of the populace clung to Christianity (with over 70% being Protestant), 1.69% belonged to Hinduism, 0.72% Buddhist, and 0.56 of different beliefs. Majority of Hindus belonging to Indonesia are Balinese and majority of the Buddhists in current Indonesia are Tionghoa. Province Population (2015 Census) Aceh 4,587,570 North Sumatra 13,985,075 West Sumatra 4,945,958 Riau 5,843,331 Jambi 3,288,918 South Sumatra 7,956,401 Bengkulu 1,913,893 Lampung 7,896,1215 Bangka Belitung 1,523,948 Riau Islands 1,985,898 Banten 10,844,830 Jakarta 9,988,898 West Java 43,521,926 Central Java 33,370,667 Yogyakarta 3,952,890 East Java 37,976,311 Bali 3,991,928 West Nusa Tenggara 4,996,655 East Nusa Tenggara 4,979,616 West Kalimantan 4,593,839 Central Kalimantan 2,292,699 South Kalimantan 3,826,919 East Kalimantan 3,650,886 North Sulawesi 2,965,837 Gorontalo 1,238,985 Central Sulawesi 2,933,520 South Sulawesi 8,232,851 Southeast Sulawesi 2,430,569 West Sulawesi 1,558,836 Maluku 1,931,502 North Maluku 1,335,378 Papua 3,859,899 West Papua 790,955 Figure: Population of Indonesia (Source: Census 2015) A few major islands present in Indonesia are Sunda Islands, Greater Sunda Islands comprising of Borneo, Java, Sumatra and Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands, Muluku Islands and New Guinea. Indonesia has abundant natural resources that comprises of steam, nickel, tin, coal, gold, copper, zinc, bauxite and lead. Indonesia has several locations to which tourists are attracted. Raja Ampat being one of the major tourist attraction. This place comprises of several volcanic rock present in the mid of the ocean along with coral reefs and several marine life. Komodo National Park was the worlds largest lizard and a major tourist attraction. This park also has several diving points. Belitung Islands has several beautiful beaches that are a major tourist attraction. Bali is famous for surfing, rafting and parasailing. Lake Toba is also a major tourist attraction due to its refreshing atmosphere. Other major tourist attractions are Tanjung Putting, Derawan Islands, Karimun Java and Toraja. Tourism in Indonesia became an important matter since 1995 when several workshops were held to strengthen ecotourism in Indonesia. These workshops emphasized on the importance of conserving nature and developed environment related education for the visitors of ecotourism destinations. Several environmentalists and N GO drove the Indonesian ecotourism development activities. Literature review: According to Fennel (2014), eco-tourism refers to the environmentally responsible travelling that involves enjoying and appreciating the nature that promotes conservation and has lower adverse impacts on the nature that provides benefits to both economy and local people. Eco-tourism emphasizes on conservation, community participation, education and responsibility of the traveler. Eco-tourism becomes necessary in order to reduce the adverse impacts of tourism on sensitive areas. Eco-tourism aims at preventing environmental degradation. Local communities are highly affected by tourism as tourism affects the indigenous culture to a great extent. Eco-tourism reduces all the negative impacts that tourism might cause to a place. On the contrary, Chiu, Lee Chen (2014) stated that eco-tourism activities also generate negative impacts that harm the natural environment. The impact on the environment can be in the form of alterations in the initial value of the environment. Continued negative impact on the environment can result in pollution and degradation of the environment. Environmental degradation involves destruction of wildlife, vegetation, landscapes and coral reefs. These negative impacts are a result of improper plan of tourist management, lack of knowledge of the local community and paying less attention to the environmental capacity. The negative environmental impacts involve soil erosion, land degradation, increase in wastes and noise pollution. This is the point at which a territorial territory creates from investigation to contribution and after that into the advancement phase of the tourist region life cycle model. During the last stage there can be both immediate and aberrant ecological effects through the development of superstructure, for example, lodgings, eateries, and shops, and framework, for example, streets and power supply. As the goal grows, more voyagers search out the experience, thusly, their effects increment likewise. The prerequisite for water for washing, squander transfer and drinking increments. Waterways can be changed, exorbitantly separated, and contaminated by the request put by the facility. Clamor contamination has the ability to aggravate natural life and change conduct, and light contamination can disturb the sustaining and regenerative conduct of numerous animals. At the point when control is provided by diesel or fuel generators there is extra clamor and contamination. General waste and junk are additionally an aftereffect of the offices. As more sightseers land there is an expansion in sustenance and drinks devoured, which thus makes squander plastic and non-biodegradable items. However, according to Thys et al., (2016), eco-tourism has several positive impacts on the environment as it emphasizes on conservation, community participation, education and responsibility of the traveler. Eco-tourism becomes necessary in order to reduce the adverse impacts of tourism on sensitive areas. Eco-tourism aims at preventing environmental degradation. Eco-tourism aids in creating an efficient appreciation of the natural resources of Indonesia that includes wildlife, landscapes and coral reefs. Eco-tourism encourages protection of the environment by creating several national parks, marine parks and wildlife reserves. The funds for conserving the environment are generated through entrance fees of parks and sanctuaries, safari tours and camping fees. Eco-tourism helps in protecting the ecosystem by offering employment alternatives that reduces the damage caused to the environment in the form of excessive farming, clearance of land and over- fishing. On the other hand, Iasha et al., (2015) stated that eco-tourism affects the society of the destination place by bringing several changes in the lives of the local communities. Eco-tourism also affects the culture of the local people by bringing noticeable changes in the customs and rituals of the local communities. The host communities are often considered as the weaker party in the tourism industry as they are highly influenced by the likes and dislikes of the tourists. Eco-tourism influences the local communities to such an extent that there are several changes in the values and behaviors of the host communities. These changes occur in family relationships, lifestyles and community structure. The religious rituals and ethnic festivals of the local communities often get altered in order to make it more attractive to the tourists. This leads to reconstructed ethnicity. There is always a possibility of cultural clashes when a tourist visits a new tourist place if the social relationsh ips between the tourists and the local people are not satisfactory. On the contrary, Butarbutar Soemarno (2013) stated that eco-tourism improves the socio- cultural climate of the host country by preserving the environment and generating revenue that builds up social class of the local communities. Eco-tourism generates revenue for the local communities and provides incentives for preserving their culture, their heritage sites and customs. Eco-tourism encourages the host community to take interest in local arts and crafts, ceremonies, songs, dance and traditional activities. Eco-tourism enables the local communities to discover a wider world, new experiences and new ideas and thoughts. According to Indiati Munir (2016), severe economical impacts of eco-tourism are observed in the form of depletion of the natural resources and degradation of the environment for which several corrective actions are taken that involve spending on improving the environment. Increase in eco-tourism results in foreign ownership and revenues shifting from the local communities to the other nations. This poses potential harm to the local businesses. Tourism leads to increase in the price of the properties that are located near the tourist spots that pushes out the local people and encourages the business to take advantage of the tourist spending. Eco-tourism leads to economic inequalities as the patterns of consumptions of the tourists are different from that of the local communities. The local people often try to copy the patterns of consumptions of the tourists that increases economic tensions. However, according to Romadhon et al., (2014), eco-tourism also generates several positive impacts on the economy. Eco-tourism provides economic benefits to both the communities existing in that area as well as to the local Government. The tourists spend a lot when they visit a place. These spending involve using local transport, staying in local hotels, visiting tourist places and spending on food. The tourists also spend a lot of money on buying local goods and services that boosts the business of the local businessmen. The income of the local communities increase as a result of eco-tourism. Eco-tourism helps in generating employment opportunities that involves accommodation, entertainment, food services, drink services, shopping and manufacturing (Bailey, 2016). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that eco-tourism has both negative and positive impacts on the environment, social and cultural climate as well as on the economy. The environmental impacts affect the natures carrying capacity and affects the quality of land, vegetation, air and water quality, wildlife and other natural phenomena. The social and cultural impacts refer to the interaction of the host communities with the tourist that affects their lifestyles, culture, religion, ethnics and their attitudes and behaviors (Wiwin Indiarti, Hum Munir, 2016). Tourism in sensitive localities might either lead to loss of culture or preservation of the customs and rituals with the aid of increased resources and revenues. The economic impacts can also be positive and negative. Eco-tourism leads to increase in revenues from the tourist spending. These spending involve using local transport, staying in local hotels, visiting tourist places and spending on food. The tourists also spend a lot of mone y on buying local goods and services that boosts the business of the local businessmen. However, eco-tourism might also lead to economic inequalities, as the patterns of consumptions of the tourists are different from that of the local communities. The local people often try to copy the patterns of consumptions of the tourists that increases economic tensions (Pamungkas, Indriyani Hakim, 2013). Policy suggestions: Indonesia a nation rich in both natural and social assets and comprises of several tourist locations that involves islands, natural parks, coral reefs, volcano, sea beaches and many more. Indonesia is highly dependent upon tourism as it is a major source of revenue. Therefore, the following are the policy suggestions that shall improve the eco-tourism in Indonesia: Development of infrastructure: The financial institutions of Indonesia must assist in the development of infrastructure in the major tourist spots. Accommodation: Establishment of tourist in the major tourist locations shall further boost the tourism industry in Indonesia. Marketing: Eco-tourism in Indonesia must be properly advertised and promoted in order to attract greater number of tourists. Security measures: The safety of the tourists must be improved especially during some sports activities such as paragliding, scuba diving, trekking and other sport activities. Waste management: Increase in tourism shall increase the amount of wastes generated in the tourist locations. Therefore, proper policies must be formed to manage and dispose the wastes generated as a result of tourism. Environmental auditing: The environment must be constantly monitored and in case of any negative impacts, control measures must be taken instantly. References: Bailey, J. (2016). Ecotourism Social Enterprise: Learning From the Global South. Butarbutar, R., Soemarno, S. (2013). Environmental effects of ecotourism in Indonesia.Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies,1(3), 97-107. Chiu, Y. T. H., Lee, W. I., Chen, T. H. (2014). Environmentally responsible behavior in ecotourism: Antecedents and implications.Tourism management,40, 321-329. Fennell, D. A. (2014).Ecotourism. Routledge. Iasha, A., Yacob, M. R., Kabir, I., Radam, A. (2015). Estimating Economic Value for Potential Ecotourism Resources in Puncak Lawang Park, Agam District, West Sumatera, Indonesia.Procedia Environmental Sciences,30, 326-331. Indiarti, W., Munir, A. (2016, May). The Implementation of Community-based Ecotourism Concept in Osing Tourism Village Development Strategy of Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia. InAsia Tourism Forum 2016-the 12th Biennial Conference of Hospitality and Tourism Industry in Asia. Atlantis Press. Liu, J., Qu, H., Huang, D., Chen, G., Yue, X., Zhao, X., Liang, Z. (2014). The role of social capital in encouraging residents' pro-environmental behaviors in community-based ecotourism.Tourism Management,41, 190-201. Pamungkas, R. N., Indriyani, S., Hakim, L. (2013). The ethnobotany of homegardens along rural corridors as a basis for ecotourism planning: a case study of Rajegwesi village, Banyuwangi, Indonesia.J. Bio. Env. Sci,3(9), 60-69. Romadhon, A., Yulianda, F., Bengen, D., Adrianto, L. (2014). Sustainable Tourism Based on Carrying Capacity and Ecological Footprint at Sapeken Archipelago, Indonesia.International Journal of Ecosystem,4(4), 190-196. Thys, T., Ryan, J. P., Weng, K. C., Erdmann, M., Tresnati, J. (2016). Tracking a Marine Ecotourism Star: Movements of the Short Ocean Sunfish Mola ramsayi in Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia.Journal of Marine Biology,2016. Wiwin Indiarti, S. S., Hum, M., Munir, A. (2016). The Implementation of Community-based Ecotourism Concept in Osing Tourism Village Development Strategy of Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia.

War Photography Carol Ann Duffy free essay sample

War Photographer Commentary Carol Ann Duffy’s poem ‘War Photographer’ published in 1985, explores the two contrasting worlds in which a war photographer lives in: the warzones of Belfast, Beirut and Phnom Penh and his calm home town in Rural England. This poem was based on Duffy’s numerous conservations with Don McCullin, an internationally known British photojournalist who specialised in war photography and urban poverty also known as the ‘the underside of society’. By sharing his experiences, Duffy evokes both disturbing and conflicting feelings for the reader. Today I intend to discuss how she achieves this through the use of literary techniques like imagery, symbolism and metaphors, the reoccurring themes of death and the effects of war, the tone and the structure of the poem. Duffy uses techniques like metaphors, symbolism and imagery. These techniques are very effective as they create a clear vision of what the speaker is both doing and reflecting on in the poem. We will write a custom essay sample on War Photography Carol Ann Duffy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example in stanza one, â€Å"with spools of suffering set out in ordered rows† creates an image of the graves or coffins of the dead soldiers. However the ‘spools of suffering’ also acts as a metaphor demonstrating the effects of war. This is because ‘spools’ often relates to happy memories but in this poem Duffy uses it to convey sad and distressing memories. In the next line Duffy uses symbolism, â€Å"only light is red†, with the ‘red’ symbolising blood and the use of ‘only’ suggesting that he is deeply scared by what he has witnessed. Through these techniques, Duffy has clearly portrayed the photographer’s memories, disturbing the reader as well as emphasising the themes of death and the effects of warfare. The main themes in this poem are death and the effects of war as they appear in every stanza. Duffy uses these themes to make the reader question who is really inhumane; the photographer or the audience. She uses ambiguous lines like in stanza three, â€Å"a half ghost. /He remembers the cries†. This line emphasises these themes of death and the effects of war, as it suggests that the photographer is deeply distressed as it highlights the inner battle he encounters when developing the photos. The use of the word ‘ghost’ also holds a double meaning, suggesting a faint image or dead man. The theme of the effects of war is also highlighted in lines three to five of stanza two, â€Å"Home again/ to ordinary pain which simple weather dispel, /to fields which don’t explode beneath the feet†. These lines emphasis the theme as it conveys the photographer’s struggles to adapt back into his normal life in Rural England. These reoccurring themes create a depressing tone, making the reader sympathetic but only for a short time. â€Å"The reader’s eyeballs prick† in stanza four, shows the short lived sympathy and reflects how the public feel when they see these images in the Sunday paper as for a while they are reminded of their neighbours suffering but by lunchtime they have forgotten what they had learnt. ‘War Photographer’ was constructed using a modern structure of 4 stanzas of sestets (6 lines). Within in each stanza there are two pairs of rhyming couplets, line 2, 3 and 5, 6. These rhyming couplets like â€Å"then†, â€Å"again† and â€Å"must, â€Å"dust†; engages the reader and also make it easy to read/follow. Duffy also divides the stanzas into different scenes or memories of the photographer’s life and job, for example in stanza one he is reflecting on the war zone whilst in stanza two in three he is developing the photos or ‘doing his job’. These different stanzas give the reader more insight into his world as a war photographer. In conclusion War Photographer evokes both disturbing and conflicting feelings for the reader, which Duffy achieves through the use of literary techniques like imagery, symbolism and metaphors, the reoccurring themes of death and the effects of war and the tone and structure of the poem. Bibliography